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The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the educational experiences of diverse student populations throughout the country and among Virginia public schools. English Learners (ELs) had a unique set of needs and services prior to the pandemic, and potentially were more vulnerable to pandemic-related disruptions in typical school operations than other student groups. We analyze statewide, student-level administrative data on the composition of the EL population, the identification for and reclassification out of EL services, and the exit of ELs from public school enrollment in kindergarten through grade twelve between the 2010-11 and 2020-21 school years to examine changes between the pre-pandemic period and first post-pandemic onset year (2020-21). Our key findings include the following: (1) Following the onset of the pandemic, the number of students classified as EL decreased for the first time in a decade. Specifically, whereas the number of students classified as EL increased by 26.0% (25,171 more students) between 2010-11 and 2019-20, the number of students classified as EL decreased by 3.2% (3,852 fewer students) between 2019-20 and the first post-pandemic onset year (2020-21). (2) There was a 21.6% decline (6,223 fewer students) in the number of Virginia K-12 public school students newly identified for EL services in 2020-21 as compared to 2019-20. The drop in new EL identification occurred across student groups, but was largest among Hispanic students, economically disadvantaged students, and ninth graders. (3) The number of EL students reclassified as fully English proficient decreased by 57.3% (8,169 fewer students) in 2020-21 as compared to the pre-pandemic period. This decline is nearly three times the size of the previous largest year-to-year change. The drops in reclassification among ELs occurred across student groups and were somewhat larger among Hispanic and economically disadvantaged students. (4) EL students' exits from Virginia public schools in the post-pandemic onset were a continuation of pre-pandemic trends and did not meaningfully vary by race/ethnicity, economically disadvantaged status, or disability status.
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[...]increase access to care by reimbursing virtual visits. [...]leverage data to identify and intervene when patients are at risk for recurrence or overdose. In practice, expanded access to buprenorphine reduces diversion and misuse because they occur commonly among individuals seeking relief from withdrawal.2 Compared with buprenorphine monotherapy, buprenorphine-naloxone is associated with lower rates of misuse.2 Mark et al demonstrate that among Medicare beneficiaries, removal of prior authorization for buprenorphine-naloxone doubled treatment rates and significantly reduced emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations.4 Ultimately, the lifesaving benefits of expanded access to buprenorphine far outweigh the associated risks. In a time of social distancing, limited personal protective equipment, and transportation barriers, payment and delivery of telehealth is imperative to ensuring access to care. Because many patients do not have reliable access to broadband connection or smartphones, audio-only visits must be reimbursed as well.
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Prudent federal and state public health policies that include varying degrees of physical and social isolation and distancing have required rapid changes in the usual delivery of patient care.1,2 Among CDC recommendations are the rescheduling of nonurgent care and increased use of alternative approaches to in-person visits.2 The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act accelerated expansion and flexibility of telehealth activities.3 Physical and social distancing will likely continue for the foreseeable future and have a negative impact on what is typically a recession-proof health care economy.4 Available Knowledge Little is known about how the COVID-19 pandemic will ultimately affect practice and patient experience. An April 2020 report noted that 97% of physician practices experienced a direct or indirect negative financial impact, as evidenced by a 60% decrease in volume and corresponding 55% decrease in revenue.5 Others have reported a 30% to 70% reduction in independent primary care practice visit volume.6 Recently, a news report cited Department of Commerce data estimating an 18% annualized decline in health care spending based on the first 3 months of 2020.7 Negative financial impacts are likely exacerbated with the expansion of telehealth technology5,6 and purchase of personal protective equipment.5 One health system reported increasing telemedicine visits from 0 to 70,000 visits in a 1-month period, although it did not describe the delivery mode (ie, telephone or video).7 Medical specialties with a track record of delivering virtual care are not exempt from the pandemic's impact, as another recent report suggested that radiology practices will likely experience a 50% to 70% decrease in volume lasting at least 3 to 4 months.8 Rationale Managing immediate pandemic hazards while continuing to provide routine medical and preventive care that fulfills the patient care experience, population health, and per capita cost of care dimensions of the Triple Aim9,10 is challenging. Membership reflects diverse regional demographics and encompasses public (Medicaid, Medicare, Affordable Care Act health insurance exchange plans), private, individual, and charity care lines of business.12 Within KPMAS, medical care is provided by the Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group (MAPMG), an integrated medical practice of more than 1700 physicians that includes more than 50 services and specialties. All face-to-face appointments, including behavioral health care visits, were given the option to convert to video visits as the goal. Because CMS waived guidelines requiring a license to practice in-state, it became possible to provide care to patients outside of DC, Maryland, and Virginia through telephone and video visits.
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Background: Moderate to severe COVID infection has been linked to poor cardiovascular outcomes, mainly pericarditis, heart failure and acute coronary syndrome. However, the pathophysiology remains not fully understood. We studied the prevalence of heart failure in patients hospitalized with COVID infections in our local hospital in West Virginia. Method(s): Utilizing ICD-10 codes, we collected data from Cabell Huntington Hospital, West Virginia. Patients who had COVID infection were selected. We analyzed the data of patients who had pre-existing heart failure, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, diabetes and hypertension. We calculated odds ratio for patients with pre-existing conditions in regards to mortality. All p-values were based on 2-tailed tests and were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Result(s): 2,532 patients were admitted due to COVID, out of which 260 (10.27%) had pre-existing diagnosis heart failure. Heart failure patients had a higher odds of in hospital mortality [2.87, 2.35-3.50 CI 95%]. Similarly, patients with other pre-existing conditions were associated with higher inpatient mortality, which included hypertension [1.25, 1.02-1.54 CI 95%], diabetes [1.36, 1.11-1.66 CI 95%], atrial fibrillation [2.74, 2.52-3.42 CI 95%] and coronary artery disease [1.19, 0.56-2.49 CI 95%]. Length of stay was longer among those individuals with HF (13.93 days vs 8.54 days). Conclusion(s): Data analysis demonstrates that the patients with COVID infection and concomitant heart failure have worse mortality outcomes.Copyright © 2022
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This article features a case study from Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), a large, public, urban, research university, in which challenges in administering financial aid for study abroad early in the COVID-19 pandemic led the Education Abroad and Student Financial Services teams to revisit practices and protocols. This article describes compliance concerns, student service, administrative optimization, and interdepartmental relationships. The outcomes emphasize the importance of a strong, sustained partnership between university study abroad and financial aid offices, provide a framework for administrative structures in managing financial aid for study abroad programs, and highlight strategies to provide equitable study abroad opportunities.
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During shocks, residents and businesses rely upon the government to ensure health, safety, and the continuity of services. The government's ability to respond depends upon how well it utilizes its data resources and builds digital resilience. Yet governments often fail to integrate data from different agencies to respond effectively to shocks. We conceptualize digital resilience as a dynamic capability (DC). Although the DC framework provides a theoretical basis, it is unclear what actions managers can take to build DC. Through process tracing, we examine how the Commonwealth of Virginia (COVA) built DCs and rebounded from two shocks-the opioid crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. COVA managers leveraged statewide data assets, built routines to disseminate data, and reconfigured operational capabilities to build three DCs-relationship building, intelligence creation, and value extraction. Data functioned as the "protein" to build the digital resilience "muscle." We found that the relationship building DC leveraged the operational capabilities of data management, integration, and governance structure to foster data sharing, the intelligence creation DC leveraged analytics, and the value extraction DC converted analytics into cost savings, revenue generation, and new services. Whereas COVA built robust digital resilience by facilitating data sharing, the agencies exploited data assets to develop scalable solutions.
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Context: Amelioration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction (OGD) disorders has become a common requirement due to COVID-19. Although it's hardly exclusive to COVID-19, OGD's prevalence requires exploration of therapeutic and restorative modalities, on the broadest scale possible. No specific medication or treatment of any noteworthy efficacy exists for OGD. Objective(s): As Part 1 of a three-part article, a narrative review intended to examine the known causes of OGD, not restricted to COVID-19, and frame their relevance for development of new treatments or the repurposing of existing ones. Design(s): The researcher performed a narrative review by searching databases including PubMed, Sciencedirect, Google Scholar, Old Dominion University Libraries, and the websites of various medical journals. Searches included numerous combinations of keywords accompanied by the phrases, loss of sense of smell and taste, olfactory and gustatory dysfunction disorders, as well as the terms anosmia, parosmia, ageusia, and parageusia. Such keywords included viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, parasites, infection, COVID-19, treatments, medications, steroids, supplements, nutrients, alternative medicine, acupuncture, olfactory training, clinical trials, cranial nerves, pathogenesis, pathophysiology, and etiology. Setting(s): The Liebell Clinic, Virginia Beach, VA, USA. Result(s): Scientific investigation into mechanisms and treatment of OGD appears to be historically limited and unremarkable. Medical literature spanning decades reports a bleak clinical outlook with an abundance of speculation and hypotheses. Limited evidence of effective or reliable treatment exists, especially for chronic cases. Conclusion(s): With a dismal lack of medical support for a suddenly prevalent, but hardly novel set of maladies of taste and smell perception;the imperative for multifaceted and broad investigations across all medical disciplines is without question. Global urgency for the development of any treatment capable of reducing or resolving OGD triggered by COVID-19 is unprecedented. Part 2 of the current author's three-part series will address the details of current and past treatment approaches and clinical trials.
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Among the things that will be remembered about the year 2020 are phrases like "You're still on mute" and "Can I share my screen?" They are emblematic of how educators have been challenged to navigate uncharted waters of remote learning and overnight technological adaptation. To quote another phrase that will be remembered as a cliché, "These are unprecedented times." Learning Forward's newest network, Design Professional Learning for a Virtual World (DPLV), is designed to meet educators' pressing needs in this unusual moment by supporting districts and states with proactive planning tools and processes. Learning Forward and DPLV's first cohort of nine district and state education agency members are collaborating on how to stay strategic through the compounding challenges of responding to COVID-19, a national reckoning with racial injustice, and growing fiscal uncertainty caused by a mix of public health and public policy developments. This article describes the work of the DPLV as they engage in a planning process with customized coaching tailored to their local contexts and needs during and beyond the pandemic.
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Two years after the onset of the pandemic, COVID-19 continues to take a toll on educators' morale and well-being. The need to strengthen relationships between educators and students is growing. The MyTeachingPartner-Secondary (MTP-S) program, which is a strengths-based coaching program for middle and high school teachers, helps educators respond to the demands and stresses of the pandemic. In this article, the authors speak with veteran district coaches who use this program to talk about their experience using MTP-S with teachers before and during the pandemic. Meg Ryan, a coach in Louisa County, Virginia, and Becky Odajima, a coach in Midway, Texas, are enrolled in a three-year research project to study student outcomes as a result of being in classrooms with teachers who are receiving MTP-S coaching. The authors also talked with coaching experts Anna Savitsky and Destiny Woodbury, who train, support, and coach coaches on using the MTP-S model. These experts shared their insights.
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The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly changed the context of higher education during the Spring 2020 semester. As the virus began to spread across the United States, colleges and universities canceled inperson classes and activities, closed campus, and moved all operations online. Within the communication discipline, introductory communication course (ICC) administrators and instructors were not only dealing with these challenges, but they were also navigating the transition of large multi-section, often standardized, courses online at large institutions. This research project used semistructured, in-depth interviews with 18 ICC administrators from institutions located in 14 states across the Midwest, mid-Atlantic, Southeastern, and West Coast regions of the U.S. to explore how they engaged in relationship management with their instructors and how their approach to relationship management informed their transition to remote learning due to COVID-19. The analysis results in four emerging themes: (1) rhetorical approaches to relationship management, (2) relational approaches to relationship management, (3) relationship management [right arrow] positive outcomes, and (4) relationship management as central to navigating COVID-19. Based on these findings we suggest a rhetorical/relational goals approach to course administration and offer practical implications ICC administrators can implement to engage in successful relationship management during times of crisis.
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Purpose: Kidney transplantation has become the optimal treatment for end stage renal disease (ESRD), allowing dialysis free survival. Despite widespread availability of transplant programs;rural patients have limited access to transplantation due to several barriers including increased travel time and financial burden. We report outcomes after establishment of a kidney transplant program serving rural West Virginia. Method(s): A retrospective review of the first 15 kidney transplants performed at a newly established Appalachian transplant program was conducted. Primary outcomes measured were graft survival and function. Other outcomes included graft rejection, patient survival and complications. Data related to patient demographics, etiology of ESRD, type of renal replacement therapy, time on transplant waitlist and average travel to transplant center were also collected. Result(s): The first 15 kidneys transplanted had an overall death censored graft survival rate of 100%. Median patient age was 53 (Range 31- 73 years) and a median follow-up of 6 months (Range 1-13 months). The average time on dialysis for this cohort was 4 years (n=13, Range 1-6 years) and average time on waitlist was 4.06 months (Range 0.4-13.2 months). The most common type of dialysis was hemodialysis (77%) followed by peritoneal dialysis (15%). Two patients were predialysis. Diabetes with hypertension (20%), IgA nephropathy (13%) and diabetes without hypertension (13%) were the most common causes of ESRD. Median graft creatinine was 1.51 mg/dL (Range 1.26 - 1.83 mg/dL) with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at 51.38 (Range 41.86-70) at one year. One patient developed acute antibody mediated rejection and one developed borderline T cell mediated rejection (13.3%), which were successfully treated with steroids, plasmapheresis and immune globulin therapy. Two patients died (13.3 %);one from acute respiratory failure following coronavirus (COVID-19) infection and one from cardiac arrest secondary to myocarditis (possible COVID-19). Patients experienced COVID-19 infection at a rate of 13.3 %. The average distance patients had to travel was 94 miles (Range 12 - 164 miles) with a travel time of 1 hour and 52 minutes on average (Range 20 minutes - 2.5 hours) to reach the transplant center. Conclusion(s): We report comparable outcomes from our new rural transplant program despite several barriers to delivery of quality care to our population.
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Objective: The motto Cannulate, Extubate, Ambulate reflects the care ECMO patients receive at West Virginia University Medicine. Early mobility, crucial in our outcomes, especially with the COVID-19 population, is started with a Physical Therapist. This is followed by all team members participating in ECMO mobilization. This project examined the impact of mobilization for our COVID+ population placed on VV ECMO. Method(s): A WVU retrospective review was completed of COVID-19+ patients on ECMO between 3/2020 and 12/2021, determining survival to decannulation and discharge location. Mobility was examined for ECMOday of first active participation, first active transfer out of bed, and first ambulation. Further, PT sessions during cannulation, total PT, staff assist mobility while cannulated, and total number of sessions during admission. All patients who survived to discharge were included in survival rate, but those transferred to outside facilities for ECMO management were excluded from mobility and discharge location analyses. Result(s): Out of 91 patients, 70% successfully decannulated, and 98.4% survived to discharge. Mobilization began day 1 of ECMO, averaging 7.6 sessions/patient during their hospitalization. 88% performed their first active transfers with PT assist. Mobility sessions were also performed by Nursing/ECMO Specialists (3.6 times vs. 2.8 times). Total active mobilizations ranged 2-69 sessions, averaging 13.9 mobilizations during hospitalization. 60% of COVID-19 ECMO survivors were discharged home. Conclusion(s): Physical therapists lead mobility efforts, however, active involvement of nursing and ECMO Specialists is vital to provide continuity and repetition of mobility. Our results suggest teamwork improves patient survival and other important outcomes.
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Bradberry focuses on how to teach during the pandemic. Ten days into the dramatic shift to online teaching, public school teachers around Virginia realized that these ten days were going to lead to many more. They immediately began figuring out how to reach out to students who were in their homes, their lives upended. Other areas of the state were already being affected by the virus. Hospitals in Northern Virginia filled, as students learned the new vernacular: COVID-19. Coronavirus. Masks. Testing. Social distancing. Quarantine. Students were still hearing the new words from the news. The virus simply wasn't here yet. Spring 2020 was a challenge, but at this point, their community was still safe from the virus, and their students were unaware of its seriousness. Educators face new obstacles of tending to students' social and emotional health as we continue to navigate through the pandemic, yet students are even more prepared for an ever-changing technological world. Teachers appreciate the many parents and community members who supported them throughout the pandemic.
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The information used in developing this survey was obtained through an exhaustive review of each state's relevant statute and court rules, as well as a thorough review of appellate court opinions interpreting a relevant statute or providing guidance in the absence of statutory directive. In most instances, tenants are provided the lease on a take-it-or-leave-it basis with no opportunity to negotiate any of its terms, including provisions related to late fees.1 States that impose late fee maximums vary greatly on the amount and form of the limitation. In most of these states, the reasonableness requirement is established by courts rather than through legislation. * Arizona: For residential tenancies, it is implied within its eviction statutes that late fees must be reasonable. * California: Must be reasonably related to costs the landlord faces as a result of rent being late. * Connecticut: Fees must bear a reasonable relationship to the actual damage that the landlord sustains, and the court may void if excessive. * Illinois: Must be a reasonable forecast of damage caused by the breach. * Kentucky: Must be reasonable;$20 or 20 percent of the rental fee for each month is deemed reasonable. * Ohio: Must be reasonable in proportion to the rental rate and have a rational basis supporting the imposition of the charge. * Oklahoma: Must be reasonably related to actual costs incurred. * Pennsylvania: Late fees must be reasonable. * Texas: Must be reasonable;presumed reasonable if not more than 12 percent of the amount of rent for a dwelling located in a structure that contains no more than four units or 10 percent for a structure that contains more than four units. * Vermont: Late fee allowed if reasonably related to costs incurred. * Washington: Presumably must be reasonable. * West Virginia: Presumably must be reasonable. Most of these moratoriums were expired as of the date of the initial publication of this survey. * California: Renters who have submitted a declaration of COVID-19-related financial distress cannot be charged a late fee for the late payment of rental payments (no expiration date). * Colorado: Executive order prohibited landlords and lenders from charging late fees for any rent incurred between May 1, 2020, and April 27, 2021, due to the pandemic (expired). * Connecticut: Executive order 7X granted tenants an automatic 60-day grace period for April 2020 rent and made a 60-day grace period for May 2020 rent available upon request.
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Background: Exclusive breastfeeding is recognized as the ideal feeding method for infants. Newborns receiving formula inhospital are at higher risk for early breastfeeding cessation. Among infants born in 2017, CDC Breastfeeding Report Card, 2020, reported the rate of breastfed infants receiving formula before two days of age as 15% in West Virginia (WV). We aimed to determine factors associated with in-hospital formula supplementation of breastfed newborns at a large community hospital in Southern WV. We hypothesized that disparities exist in supporting women to exclusively breastfeed. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 500 randomly selected charts of infants born 09/01/2019-09/1/2020. Full-term infants with a recorded maternal decision to exclusively breastfeed were included. Exclusion criteria were prematurity, NICU admission, maternal diabetes, and infant hypoglycemia. Factors associated with formula supplementation were compared between mothers exclusively breastfeeding and those who were not at the time of discharge. Results: Of the reviewed charts, 70% of birth mothers desired to exclusively breastfeed. 211 infants met all inclusion criteria. 70% were delivered via vaginal delivery;52% were induced. Of the included newborns, 41% were supplemented with formula. 32% of mothers met with lactation consultants prior to formula supplementation. Top reasons for formula supplementation were mother request (45%) and newborn difficulty latching (22%). Median time of first supplementation was 20.0 hours (range:0.5-54). 12% of the supplementation occurred within 6 hours and 96.5% within 2 days of age. Rates of formula supplementation did not increase during the nurses' night shift or at nurses' shift change. Exclusive breastfeeding at discharge was associated with higher education level (p=0.002), tobacco abstinence (p=0.03), prior births (p=0.04), and increased maternal age (p=0.02);with every 1 year increase in maternal age, there was 7% decrease in supplementation. No statistically significant associations were present between exclusive breastfeeding at discharge meeting with a hospital lactation consultant, maternal race, marital status, induction need, or neonatal characteristics (p>0.05). When controlling for confounders of maternal age, marital status, tobacco use, and lactation consultation, Cesarean delivery (odd ratio: 2.0,1.03-4.2, 95% confidence interval), primiparity (2.6, 1.4-4.8), and not completing high school (12.5, 1.6-96.5) predicted formula supplementation. Exclusive breastfeeding discharge rates remained relatively steady over the 12 month study period, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: At our center, formula supplementation rate of 41% in the first two days of age appears higher than the state's rate using the CDC report card. Mother request and newborn difficulty latching are the top reasons for formula supplementation. Median age of supplementation was 20 hours. Lactation consultations were not universal and disparities existed for breastfeeding mothers supplementing with formula. Addressing maternal disparities is essential to enhance newborn health equity. Our study's findings will be used to develop prenatal and postnatal interventions to maximize hospital breastfeeding support and minimize formula supplementation.
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Research reveals no evidence of discussion or efforts to improve the quality of life in African American homes. According to The COVID Tracking Project (2020), Blacks die at a 2.5 times higher rate than Whites. (See https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/ PST045219) When queried about their perception of healthcare in response to COVID-19, 64% of Blacks feel they are less likely than Whites to be offered a coronavirus/COVID-19 test, 63% indicate they are less likely than Whites to be admitted to the hospital for COVID-19, 59% believe they are less likely than Whites to be offered experimental treatments for the disease, and 60% believe they are less likely than Whites to receive the maximum treatment to save their lives while in the hospital (African American Research Collaborative, 2020).
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Journal of Religion and Popular Culture 33:3 (2021): 126-137 [http://muse.jhu.edu/article/838042] Blackwell, Anna and Marina Gerzie. The French Review 95:2 (2021): 99-110 [https://muse.jhu.edu/issue/46949] Blutinger, Jeffrey C, "'I Know One Day a Miracle Will Happen': Bruno Balz and the Position of the Gay Artist In Nazi Germany." "Trendy Monsters: The Nazis, the Perpetrator Turn, and Popular Culture." "Cross-Species Kinship Dilemmas: Adoption and Dinosaurs in the Jurassic Park Franchise."
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The author describes her personal experience having COVID-19 and an acute case of pneumonia, and how COVID-19 has exposed long-known racial disparities in healthcare.
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Introduction: Sars-CoV-2 virus pandemic of 2019 necessitated a transition to telehealth for many healthcare encounters. The telehealth user experience and any potential environmental impact of this transition to e-Visits for gastrointestinal diseases is hitherto unstudied. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent telehealth encounters (telephone visits and video visits) with the outpatient gastroenterology clinics at West Virginia University, Morgantown. Patients were reached by telephone and were asked to provide information to fill in pre-designed survey questionnaires that incorporated a validated telehealth usability questionnaire. The Telehealth usability questionnaire (TUQ) incorporated Likert scales (1-7) to rate usability questions. Variables were also collected with chart review by two study authors. Distance of patients’ residence from our clinic was calculated using demographic data on EPIC. Environmental protection agency (EPA) calculators were utilized to calculate greenhouse emissions that were prevented due to televisits in lieu of in person visits. Results: A total of 81 video visits and 89 telephone visits were performed for GERD in the study period of March 2020-March 2021. 111 patients were able to be enrolled in the study and filled in the questionnaires, revealing a response rate of 65.29%. Mean age was higher in the telephone visit cohort (43.45 +/- 14.32 vs 52.34 +/- 17.46, p: 0.04) and most participants were female (76.58%). Overall user satisfaction was high (mean scores for all usability variates >5). Comparative analysis of the telephone and video visits revealed significantly higher mean ratings for usefulness and user comfort questions in the patients who had video encounters compared to those with telephone encounters, as shown in Table 2. A total of 7.02 metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions were prevented due to non-usage of the 391.5 gallons of gasoline needed to transport these patients to and from the facility from their residence. Conclusion Telehealth visits for GERD were rated highly in terms of usefulness, satisfaction, and user comfort/usability by patients. Video visits received higher mean ratings for usefulness and user comfort. Tele-visits for GERD are therefore well received by patients and in addition can contribute to notable reductions in unnecessary greenhouse emissions. (Table Presented)
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In response to COVID-19, many countries have mandated social distancing and banned large group gatherings in order to slow down the spread of SARS-CoV-2. These social interventions along with vaccines remain the best way forward to reduce the spread of SARS CoV-2. In order to increase vaccine accessibility, states such as Virginia have deployed mobile vaccination centers to distribute vaccines across the state. When choosing where to place these sites, there are two important factors to take into account: accessibility and equity. We formulate a combinatorial problem that captures these factors and then develop efficient algorithms with theoretical guarantees on both of these aspects. Furthermore, we study the inherent hardness of the problem, and demonstrate strong impossibility results. Finally, we run computational experiments on real-world data to show the efficacy of our methods. © 2022 International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (www.ifaamas.org). All rights reserved